“There is no travelling (more importantly stressed) except to three mosques, (i.e. towards) this mosque of mine (in Madinah al-Munawwarah), and (towards) the Masjidil-Haram (in Makkah), and (towards) the Masjid al-Aqsa (in Jerusalem, Palestine)”
(Hadith of Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. reported by Muslim)
Who is better in speech than one who calls (men) to Allah, works righteousness, and says "I am of those who bow in Islam"?
(Qur'an: Fussilat: 41:33)
Why Hate the Bees?"Sub-haa-naka Laa-‘ilma-lanaa il-laa maa-‘al-lam-tanaa,
in-naka antal-‘alee-mul-Hakeem"
(Glory be to You (O Allah!) We possess of no knowledge except what You have taught us. Verily You are the All-Knowing, Most Wise!).
“And [consider how] thy Sustainer has inspired the bee: "Prepare for thyself dwellings in mountains and in trees, and in what [men] may build [for thee by way of hives]; and then eat of all manner of fruit, and follow humbly the paths ordained for thee by thy Sustainer." [And lo!] There issues from within these [bees] a fluid of many hues, wherein there is healing for man. In all this, behold, there is a message indeed for people who think!"
(Qur’an: al-Nahl: 16: 68-69)
Wa nunaz-zilu minal-Qur’aani maa-huwa shi-faa-un wa-rah –
matun – lil - mu’-mi-neen
"And We (Allah) who have brought down the Qur'an as a healing and a blessing for the believers"(Quran: al-Isra’: 17: 82).
"God has commanded you to deal with (uphold) justice and with compassion"(Qur'an: Surah an-Nahlu: 16: 90)
From My messages shall I cause to turn away all those who, without anyright, behave haughtily on earth"(Qur’an: al-A’raf: 7: 146 )
“It is in this way that God sets a seal on every arrogant, self-exalting heart.”(Qur’an: al-Mu’min:40: 35)
Ahad, 1 Ramadhan 1424 (Hijriyyah)
Sunday, 26 October 2003 (C.E.)
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STORY OF ANIMAL IN THE FARM
This write-up by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (PERGAS) was adapted from his lecture notes as an introduction to lesson on 'Ilm-alAkhlaq (Islamic Science on human disposition), and from his article included/published in one issue of the "Muslim Reader" an MCAS (Muslim Converts Association of Singapore) quarterly magazine in the 1990’s.
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http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/2008/04/story-of-animals-in-farm.html
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بِسۡمِ ٱللهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
الحمدلله الملك الحكيم الجواد الكريم العزيز الرحيم
الذي خلق الانسان في احسن تقويم
و فطر السموات بقدرته و دبر الأمور بحكمته
و ما خلق الجن والانس الا لعبادته
والصلاة والسلام على سيد المرسلين
وعلى أله الأبرار الطيبين الطاهرين
وسلم وعظم الى يوم الدين
-------------------- (THE STORY IS A SATIRE/FICTIONAL) --------------------
ANY RESEMBLANCE TO ANY PERSON OR PERSONS, DEAD OR ALIVE,
IS PURELY COINCIDENTAL
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The night in the farm, the serenity was disturbed by the barking and howling of the dogs. Many other animals were aroused from their sleep. Irritated by the noise, they began to complain amongst themselves and criticise the dogs.
Cow: "O, what a racket. These dogs simply are very inconsiderate. Don't they know that we have to be up at dawn to give our milk? A good rest is crucial to our (milk) production. We always try to give more. Moo..ore...! Moo..ore...!"
Sheep: ''They are not only inconsiderate; they also display certain arrogance. They will always display a fierce and threatening nature to everyone. If the milkman comes, they will bark. In fact, whosoever comes; whether our master's neighbour, the postman, the handyman, the salesman, they will bark. When they are told to hush-up, they will still continue to bark and roll their tongues, baring their fangs threateningly. You noticed how they always intimidate us sheep. They scare the wits out of us with the tone of their language. We always try to remind them to tone down their language when we say plee..ee..ase..! plee..ee..ase..!''
Cockerel: ''Not only are they arrogant, they are also ostentatious and like to show off. When they bark at the master, you see how they wag their tails, as though telling the master, '' Look at me! Look at me!'' What?! They think they are the only ones working for our master. They imagine themselves as favourites of the master. Even in answering the nature's call, they must do it at specific places. They would sniff the place and meticulously choose the spot. The lamp post, lah! The tyre, lah! The fire hydrant, lah! And just look at how they do it. Must do it with style, with one leg up! Acrobatic or what?! Show off!"
All these were heard by a young puppy who then ran to the leader of the pack. Panting, the puppy informed the leader of what was said. The leader of the dog summoned all under him and delivered a short lecture.
Leader of the dogs: '' Do not be alarmed, do not get angry, and do not react unnecessarily! What has been said by a non-dog concerning us dogs is only from their misunderstanding of our nature. You see, non-dogs can never understand dogs. But you dogs must understand your own nature and try to live according to your nature. Let me respond to their accusation and explain for you all to understand! We have been created for a job, an important job on this farm i.e. to guard and protect the property of our master. To be a guard, you need to display ferocity so that it can be deterrent. How can a guard be known to be a sissy? So, it is not being arrogant, but is part of our discipline as members of the security force. As for barking at night, well... we, as experts in our field, know jolly well that burglars usually come out at night. Disadvantaged by poor lighting, we need to make sure that our presence is felt. Thus the barking! Not that we are inconsiderate to others, but rather, it is part of our job. As to the accusation that we are ostentatious, even choosing specific places to nature's call! Well, it is a strategy. Our number is small, but the area to guard is so wide. We have to make our presence felt, even in our absence. Unfortunately they misunderstand this as being ostentatious!
So you see! We ought to understand our nature and try to live according to our nature. If you can do that... Al-hamdulillah! Be thankful and grateful to Allah for having created you dogs. Don't you know that there are worse creatures than us?''
There was a stunned silence.
An old owl that was perched upon the barn was attentively listening to their conversation. She was always an avid listener to gossip, especially to pass her time at night. She could not stem her ''kay-poh-istic'' (from Hokkien – a Chinese dialect - word “kay-poh” meaning ‘busybody’) tendencies and blurted out: ''wHoo..! wHoo..!''
Owl: ''wHoo..! wHoo..!''
Whereupon, one of the dogs echoed her and asked: ''Whoo...f? Whoo...f?''
Leader of the dogs: '' Look at our neighbours, the swine! At least we dogs have a dignified job. But they, I don't know why they were created. All they seem to be doing is eating, sleeping, and wallowing in the mud and filth! As regards eating, they don't seem to have any discrimination! They are such dirty creatures; they enjoy covering themselves with mud and filth! Eeee!... Even in the Qur'an it is stated that man is forbidden from eating the flesh of swine. And when you look at the numbers of piglets born each time, it is as though mating seems to be their favourite preoccupation! Perhaps we can say, they do nothing except eat, play in the filth, sleep and sex!''
Unfortunately, one piglet was not asleep but heard what was said. It ran to the leader of the swine, to complain about the GHIBBAH (back biting) of the dogs. It created a stir amongst the pigs who began to shout ''Ooii..nk! Ooii...nk!'' as though trying to remind them that it is bad to back bite others. The chief swine pacified them and delivered a lecture to them.
When they criticise us regarding our reproductive efficiency, calling us ''sexists!''....."Sexual!"... They never consider the nature of our job. No other animals can do what we are doing. We can't import people from Hong Kong to do our job! But we must ensure that there is no labour shortage. The best solution is to produce our own labourers.
So you swine understand this! We were created with a specific nature and are expected by our Creator to function according to our nature. If we are doing it, Alhamdulillah! Be grateful that Allah has created you as pigs, because there are worse creatures than us.''
The old owl was there again, as curious as ever. Gossip being her mainstay, she would not be satisfied without knowing who the leader of the pigs was referring to. Seeing that the pigs are a bunch of dullards, she began to draw their attention by flapping her wings and suggested to them the question, ''wHoo..! wHoo..! wHoo..!''
Thus encouraged, one of the pigs asked,'' Oi..nk! Ooii..nk! Chief! Tell us who is it?''
The leader of the swine then said, '' Humans!''
On being asked why she came to that conclusion, she remarked:
'' You see, amongst us animals, there is none that behave like humans. But amongst human beings, there are many that behave like beasts!''
---------------------------------------- END OF TALE --------------------------------------
REFLECT:
Is this last statement true? Does man know the nature and live according to his nature as human beings should? Isn't it common for people to describe other people derogatorily as, "you despicable animal!" or "you beast!" etc. although he is referring to another human. So, human can become something else other than what he is supposed to be i.e. inhuman rather than being humane. He needs nurturing and cannot merely rely on his nature, because man has been granted limited freewill and choice to develop. Since obviously man cannot hope to know his own nature unless this is taught to him. Thus who can best teach man about his nature and the best way of behaviour except his creator? Thus Islam as ad-Deen (a total system of guidance or all encompassing way of life) must also be viewed from this perspective i.e. its laws are all it conformity with man's nature, to develop him to become a truly Muslim personality – the pure and honourable Adamic[1] disposition. Therefore, consider what Allah says in the Qur'an:
لَقَدۡ خَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ فِىٓ أَحۡسَنِ تَقۡوِيمٍ۬
ثُمَّ رَدَدۡنَـٰهُ أَسۡفَلَ سَـٰفِلِينَ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ
ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ
فَلَهُمۡ أَجۡرٌ غَيۡرُ مَمۡنُونٍ۬
''Verily, We create man in the best conformation: thereafter we reduce him to the lowest of the low: except those who attain to faith and do righteous deeds; theirs will be a reward unending.”
(Qur'an: At-Tin: 95: 4-6)
NOT MERELY ETIQUETTE
Although in ''Ilmu-Akhlaq'', there are elements of behaviour being taught, it would be wrong to assume that it is like lessons on etiquette, manners etc. as generally understood. You may be able to teach a person how to behave and yet his behaviour can at best be temporary and therefore ''artificial", motivated by a factor which is impermanent. For example, students may appear well behaved in the presence of a teacher, but once the teacher is not there, they go back to misbehaving. Whereas, ''Ilmu- Akhlaq'' seeks to instil and mould a behaviour which is at the same time his nature, sustained and developed throughout his entire life. Perhaps the expression to make it ''second nature to him'' may give you the idea.
HOW IS ''KHULUQ'' OR NATURAL (DISPOSITION) DEVELOPED?
''Khuluq'' i.e. disposition is that faculty (''Malakah'') of the ''Self'' (''Nafs'') which is the source of all activities that Man performs spontaneously without thinking about them. ''Malakah'' or certain faculty comes into existence through exercise and repetitive practice and is not easily destroyed. A particular disposition (''malakah'') may appear in human beings because of one of the following reasons:
It is observed that some people arte patient while others are touchy and nervous. Some are easily disturbed and saddened while others show greater resilience and resistance.
[2]HABIT
Habit is formed because of continual repetition of certain acts and leads to the formation of a disposition.
Practice and conscious effort if continued long enough will eventually lead to the formation of a disposition.
MAN’S ABILITY TO CHANGE & DEVELOP FOR THE BETTER
وَنَفۡسٍ۬ وَمَا سَوَّٮٰهَا فَأَلۡهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقۡوَٮٰهَا
قَدۡ أَفۡلَحَ مَن زَكَّٮٰهَا وَقَدۡ خَابَ مَن دَسَّٮٰهَا
“By the Nafs (Self or Soul of man), and the proportion and order given to it; and its enlightenment as to its wrong and its right; ― truly he succeeds that purifies it, and he fails that corrupts it!”
(Qur’an: as-Shams: 91: 7-10)
مِّنَ ٱلطَّيِّبَـٰتِ وَفَضَّلۡنَـٰهُمۡ عَلَىٰ ڪَثِيرٍ۬ مِّمَّنۡ خَلَقۡنَا تَفۡضِيلا
“Verily we have honoured the children of Adam. We carry them on the land and the sea, and have made provision of good things for them, and have preferred them above many of those whom We created with a marked preferment.”
(Qur’an: al-Isra’: 17: 70)
لَقَدۡ خَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ فِى كَبَدٍ أَيَحۡسَبُ أَن لَّن يَقۡدِرَ عَلَيۡهِ أَحَدٌ۬ يَقُولُ أَهۡلَكۡتُ مَالاً۬ لُّبَدًا أَيَحۡسَبُ أَن لَّمۡ يَرَهُ ۥۤ أَحَدٌ أَلَمۡنَجۡعَل لَّهُ ۥ عَيۡنَيۡنِ وَلِسَانً۬ا وَشَفَتَيۡنِ وَهَدَيۡنَـٰهُ ٱلنَّجۡدَيۡنِ فَلَا ٱقۡتَحَمَ ٱلۡعَقَبَةَ وَمَآ أَدۡرَٮٰكَ مَا ٱلۡعَقَبَةُ فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ أَوۡ إِطۡعَـٰمٌ۬
فِى يَوۡمٍ۬ ذِى مَسۡغَبَةٍ۬ يَتِيمً۬ا ذَا مَقۡرَبَةٍ أَوۡ مِسۡكِينً۬ا ذَا مَتۡرَبَةٍ۬ ثُمَّ كَانَ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَتَوَاصَوۡاْ بِٱلصَّبۡرِ وَتَوَاصَوۡاْ
بِٱلۡمَرۡحَمَةِ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ أَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡمَيۡمَنَةِ وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَا هُمۡ أَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡمَشۡـَٔمَةِ عَلَيۡہِمۡ نَارٌ۬ مُّؤۡصَدَةُۢ
“Verily We have created Man into toil and struggle. Thinketh he, that none hath power over him? He may say (boastfully): "Wealth have I squandered in abundance!" Thinketh he that none beholdeth him? Have we not made for him a pair of eyes? ― And a tongue and a pair of lips? ― And shown him the two highways? But he hath made no haste on the path that is steep. And what will explain to thee, the path that is steep? (It is:) freeing the bondman; Or the giving of food in a day of privation. To the orphan with claims of relationship, or to the indigent (down) in the dust. Then will he be of those who believe, and enjoin patience, (constancy, and self-restraint), and enjoin deeds of kindness and compassion. Such are the Companions of the Right Hand. But those who reject Our Signs, they are the (unhappy) companions of the Left Hand. On them will be Fire Vaulted over (all round).”
(Qur’an: al-Balad: 90: 4-20)
إِنَّا خَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ مِن نُّطۡفَةٍ أَمۡشَاجٍ۬ نَّبۡتَلِيهِ
فَجَعَلۡنَـٰهُ سَمِيعَۢا بَصِيرًا
إِنَّا هَدَيۡنَـٰهُ ٱلسَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شَاكِرً۬ا وَإِمَّا كَفُورًا
“Verily We created Man from a drop of mingled sperm, in order to try him: so We gave him (the gifts), of Hearing and Sight. We showed him the Way: whether he be grateful or ungrateful (rests on his will).”
(Qur’an: al-Insan: 76:2-3)
فَأَقِمۡ وَجۡهَكَ لِلدِّينِ حَنِيفً۬ا فِطۡرَتَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّتِى فَطَرَ ٱلنَّاسَ عَلَيۡہَا
لَا تَبۡدِيلَ لِخَلۡقِ ٱللَّهِ ذَٲلِكَ ٱلدِّينُ ٱلۡقَيِّمُ وَلَـٰكِنَّ أَڪۡثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ
“So set thou thy face steadily and truly to the faith: (establish) Allah's handiwork according to the pattern on which He has made mankind: no change (let there be) in the work (wrought) by Allah: that is the standard Religion: but most among mankind understand not.”
(Qur’an: Rum: 30: 30)
وَلَقَدۡ ذَرَأۡنَا لِجَهَنَّمَ ڪَثِيرً۬ا مِّنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ وَٱلۡإِنسِ لَهُمۡ قُلُوبٌ۬ لَّا يَفۡقَهُونَ بِہَا
وَلَهُمۡ أَعۡيُنٌ۬ لَّا يُبۡصِرُونَ بِہَا وَلَهُمۡ ءَاذَانٌ۬ لَّا يَسۡمَعُونَ بِہَآ
أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ كَٱلۡأَنۡعَـٰمِ بَلۡ هُمۡ أَضَلُّ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلۡغَـٰفِلُونَ
“Many are the Jinns and men We have made for Hell: they have hearts wherewith they understand not, eyes wherewith they see not, and ears wherewith they hear not. They are like cattle nay more misguided: for they are heedless (of warning).”
(Qur’an: al-A’raf: 7:179)
“Verily never will Allah change the condition of a people until they change it themselves (with their own souls).”(Qur’an: ar-Ra’d: 13: 11)
صِبۡغَةَ ٱللَّهِ وَمَنۡ أَحۡسَنُ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ صِبۡغَةً۬ وَنَحۡنُ لَهُ ۥ عَـٰبِدُونَ
“Say: Our life takes its colour from Allah! And who could give a better colour (to life) than Allah? And it is He (alone) Whom we worship.”
(Qur’an: al-Baqarah: 2: 138)
WHAT IS THE BEST MODEL?
Muslims, who bear witness that Muhammad s.a.w is the Messenger of Allah. We regard him as our teacher, guide and leader. Muhammad s.a.w. was sent as a mercy for mankind and Allah referred to him as the best exemplar:
لَّقَدۡ كَانَ لَكُمۡ فِى رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ أُسۡوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ۬
لِّمَن كَانَ يَرۡجُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱلۡيَوۡمَ ٱلۡأَخِرَ وَذَكَرَ ٱللَّهَ كَثِيرً۬ا
''Verily, in the Messenger of Allah (Muhammad) you have a good example for everyone who looks forward (with hopes and awes) to Allah and the Last Day, and remembers Allah unceasingly''.
(Qur'an: Al Ahzab: 33:21)
"And thou (Muhammad) standest on an exalted standard of character."
(Qur’an: al-Qalam 68:4)
Thus the Prophet Muhammad s.a.w himself said:
إِنَّمَا بُعِثْتُ لِأُتَمِّمَ مَكَارِمَ اْلأَخْلاَقِ"Verily I have not been raised (as a Prophet) except to perfect the noble
nature (akhlaq) of mankind''. (Hadith)
“My Lord educated me, and made my education most excellent.)”
(Hadith)
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‘ILM AKHLAQ / TSAWWUF / IRFAN
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(Science of human Disposition/ Sufism)
------------------------
Purpose / Objective
-------------------------
· Development of Righteous Personality
· Purification/perfection of the Self
--------------------------
What is involved?
------------------------
· Reforming the Self (Nafs)
· Best behaviour in relationship with Allah,
within oneself, and with others.
· (Gnostic) Knowledge of Self and of Allah
----------------------------
What is the Effect?
-----------------------------
· Development of Most noble personality traits
Founded on Love of Allah, of all His prophets [Nabiyyin]
especially the Seal of Prophethood Muhammad s.a.w.,
his Household [Ahl al-bayt] and loyal Companions [Sahabi],
In fellowship with the Truthful [siddiqqin],
the Witnesses & martyrs [shuhada] and the
Righteous servants of Allah [Solihin];
Striving to purify the Self (Nafs) and
adorning it with the Exalted Moral traits
of Our Beloved Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.
(The Perfected Man – “Insan Kaamil”)
وَمَن يُطِعِ ٱللَّهَ وَٱلرَّسُولَ فَأُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ مَعَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنۡعَمَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡہِم
مِّنَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ وَٱلصِّدِّيقِينَ وَٱلشُّہَدَآءِ وَٱلصَّـٰلِحِينَۚ
وَحَسُنَ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ رَفِيقً۬ا ذَٲلِكَ ٱلۡفَضۡلُ مِنَ ٱللَّهِۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ عَلِيمً۬ا
“All who obey Allah and the Messenger are in the company of those on whom is the Grace of Allah― of the Prophets (who teach) the sincere (lovers of Truth), the witnesses (who testify), and the Righteous (who do good): ah! How a beautiful fellowship! Such is the Bounty from Allah: and sufficient is it that Allah knoweth all.”
(Qur’an: an-Nisa’: 4: 69-70)
- extracted (a portion) from the supplication of
the great-grandson of the Prophet s.a.w.,
Imam ‘Ali ibn Husayn ibn ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib,
Zein-al ‘Abidin (a.s.):
========================================
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَّآلِهِ
وَبَلِّغْ بِإِيمَانِي أَكْمَلَ الإِيمَانِ
وَاجْعَلْ يَقِينِي أَفْضَلَ الْيَقِينِ
وَانتَهِ بِنِيَّتِي إِلَى أَحْسَنِ النِّيَّاتِ
وَبِعَمَلِي إِلَى أَحْسَنِ الأَعْمَاِل
make my certainty the most excellent certainty,
and take my intention to the best of intentions
and my works to the best of works!
وَاكْفِنِي مَا يَشْغَلُنِي الإِهْتِمَامُ بِهِ
وَاسْتَعْمِلْنِي بِمَا تَسْألُنِي غَداً عَنْهُ
وَاسْتَفْرِغْ أَيَّامِي فِيمَا خَلَقْتَنِي لَهُ
وَاغْنِنِي وَأَوْسِعْ عَلَيَّ فِي رِزْقِكَ
وَلا تَفْتِنِّي بِالنَّظَرِ
وَأَعِزَّنِي وَلا تَبْتَلِيَنِّي بِالْكِبْرِ
وَعَبِّدْنِي لَكَ وَلا تُفْسِدْ عِبِادَتِي بِالعُجْبِ
وَأَجْرِ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى يَدَيَّ الْخَيْرَ وَلا تَمْحَقْهُ بِالْمَنِّ
وَهَبْ لِي مَعَاِلي الأَخْلاَقِ
وَاعْصِمْنِي مِنَ الْفَخْرِ
spare me the concerns which distract me,
employ me in that about which Thou wilt ask me tomorrow,
and let me pass my days in that for which Thou hast created me!
Free me from need, expand Thy provision toward me,
and tempt me not with ingratitude (النَّظَر )!
Exalt me and afflict me not with pride (الْكِبْرِ )!
Make me worship Thee and
corrupt not my worship with self-admiration (العُجْبِ )!
Let good flow out from my hands upon the people and
efface it not by my making them feel obliged (الْمَنِّ )!
Give me the (مَعَاِلي الأَخْلاَقِ ) highest moral traits
and preserve me from vainglory (الْفَخْرِ )!
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَّآلِهِ
كَأَفْضَلِ مَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِّنْ خَلْقِكَ قَبْلَهُ
وَأَنتَ مُصَلٍّ عَلى أَحَدٍ بَعْدَهُ
وَآتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَّفِي الآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً
وَقِنِي بِرَحْمَتِكَ عَذَابَ النَّارِ
إِنَّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْء قَدِيرٌ، وَهُوَ عَلَيْكَ يَسِيرٌ
O Allah, and bless Muhammad and his Household
the best Thou hast blessed any of Thy creatures
before him and wilt bless any of them after him,
and give to us in this World good,
and in the next world good,
and protect me through Thy mercy
from the chastisement of the Fire!
Verily You (Allah)! Have power
over all things,
and for You (to grant upon us)
is easy.
آمين Aa-meen!
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Compiled by: Ustaz Zhulkeflee Bin Haji Ismail (Singapore).
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Footnotes:
[1] As opposed to: materialistic, animalistic, demonic and even to be distinguished as higher than the angelic disposition – because even angels were commanded to bow down to Adam a.s.: وَإِذۡ قُلۡنَا لِلۡمَلَـٰٓٮِٕكَةِ ٱسۡجُدُواْ لِأَدَمَ فَسَجَدُوٓاْ “”And behold We said to the angels: "Bow down to Adam"; and they bowed down:”(Q:Baqarah:2:34)
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